Budapest heat exposure
20 years of summer surface warming × where people live — per H3 hexagon (≈0.7 km²)
Exposure
Warming
Population
Layer opacity
75%
warmed by
residents
exposure
Surface temperature: Landsat Collection 2 (summer medians, 2004–08 vs 2022–26). Population:
GHS-POP 2025, JRC
. Exposure = warming rank × population rank (0–1). Surface heat, not air temperature.